Essay on Interrogation of Freedom - 1785 Words

What is freedom? Is freedom when a child does not have to hold the hand of their mother or father while walking across the street? Or is freedom the event that families can go to church every Sunday morning? According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, freedom is defined as â€Å"the quality or state of being free as the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action.† Both are occasions of freedom, but when examining liberty, it can take numerous forms depending upon the source. Independence for a child may be that they no longer have to hold their mother’s hand or be under their parents’ rule. In particularly the mid 1700’s, freedom for a white land-owning male and an African-American slave were two utterly different†¦show more content†¦Henry Krusiewicz, Associate Professor of English, stated that Thomas Jefferson inherited twenty slaves and 3,000 acres of land in 1764. Then in 1772, he inherits from his wife’s fat her more land and 135 additional slaves. In 1776, Thomas Jefferson creates the Declaration of Independence, a document stating the thirteen colonies’ independence from England. One must find it ironic that he inherits many slaves, however, he is an adversary of the slave trade, and twelve years later, composes an independence document. Although his â€Å"Declaration of Independence† did not speak of freedom for slaves, it nevertheless challenges his position because the African-American slaves are similar to the thirteen colonies as property of the King of England. Jefferson knew what it was like to be a â€Å"slave† of England, but in spite of his opinion, was more or less an owner of African-American property. Did Thomas Jefferson believe that humans are free? Jefferson declared, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (U.S. Declaration of Independence 1776). Thomas Jefferson wanted all people, both Caucasian and African-American, to be free, but he was trapped in an era when society believedShow MoreRelatedThe Law Enforcement Interrogation Procedures1655 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1966, a milestone in Law Enforcement interrogation procedures was established through the case of Miranda vs Arizona. In the case of Orozco vs Texas, just a couple years later in 1969, the guidelines established by Miranda vs Arizona changed the ruling of Reyes Arias Orozco who self-incriminated himself without being read his Fifth Amendment rights while being interrogated in his home. Orozco vs Texas effected interrogation proced ures due to Orozco being interrogated inappropriately in his ownRead MoreEffective Interrogation Techniques956 Words   |  4 PagesEffective Interrogation Techniques by Law Enforcement Prof. Lisa Bruno CRJ 320 November 5, 2012 Interrogation describes the art of convincing an individual to give up information that is perceived to be withheld. Interrogation is commonly employed by law enforcement professionals on suspects from whom information and details pertaining the crimes they are accused of is sought. Interrogations are interviews with a basic goal of establishing a purposeful exchange to obtain information fromRead MoreTerrorism : The United States1154 Words   |  5 Pages The United States promotes international freedom, and discourages any organization who is attempting to disrupt freedom. In recent years, terrorism has become one of the United States greatest dilemmas. Terrorism is a horrific crime against society, and the people who carry out these acts are considered people some of the worst criminals of today. Following September 11 the United States made a decision to wage war of terror. The United States â€Å"War on Terror† attempts confront these people andRead MoreThe Torture of T errorists Violates the Bill of Rights Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately after the federal government was created. They did this because they were aware that a federal government could end up arresting, imprisoning, torturing, and killing people for trumped up reasons (ABC News). They did this to maintain freedom and ensure that all individuals were treated equally by preventing a future, tyrannical regime. What they feared would happen, is happening today and the principles of a free society are being compromised. Even though the use of torture is bannedRead MoreThe Court ruled in the case of Miranda v. Arizona that interrogations are in inherently stressful700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Court ruled in the case of Miranda v. Arizona that interrogations are in inherently stressful and pressure the defendant to cooperate based on a lack of knowledge regarding their specific rights during questioning. Because of this finding they concluded officers have a duty to advise the defendant of their rights through the Miranda warning. The requirement is only required when the suspect is in custody and subject to interrogation [7].† The Court focused on the two conditions triggeringRead MoreWhat Does America Represent?1412 Words   |  6 PagesWhat does America represent? Most Americans would say that the United States represents freedom and liberty. According to the first amendment written in the constitution, all citizens have the freedom of religion, speech, and assembly. Others might respond that America represents opportunity. Many come to America for a new start and a new way of life and have the mindset that everything is possible with hard work and determination. You might even hear people say that America represents justice.Read MoreThe United States War On Terror1158 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovations fostered by the â€Å"War on Terror† was the expansion of torture. The dramatic rise in terrorism sparked the unethical advancemen t of interrogation techniques in order to more effectively acquire information. The emergence of the â€Å"War on Terror† required government officials acquire intelligence in a new way thus spawning the emergence of â€Å"enhanced interrogation† methods, however, the morality of these techniques would come into question as they were revealed to the public. Terrorism was a newRead MoreHow Interrogation Worked Before Many Important Cases1575 Words   |  7 Pagesthat they didn’t commit because they may be trying to give the answer that they think the interrogator desires. This paper will discuss how interrogation worked before many important cases took place and Miranda rights were placed. Next, the type of techniques police officers use when interrogating a juvenile currently. Lastly, the Reid Method on interrogations’ and the reasons behind juveniles giving false confessions. To begin, before Miranda rights were placed, law enforcement could take juvenilesRead MoreEnhanced Interrogation Techniques During The United States1243 Words   |  5 PagesKeeShawn Murphy Mr. Blood AP Government and Politics June 9th 2015 Enhanced Interrogation Techniques One of the most controversial topics in the U.S. has been Enhanced Interrogation techniques- also believed to be torture. These practices are said to be implemented on suspected terrorists to recover possible information of future attacks on America, although many have concluded that this practice was created out of fear after the attack on September 11, 2001 (What Motivated CIA Torture?, 2014)Read MoreLaw Enforcement Officers Have Policy Regulations they Must Obey1362 Words   |  6 PagesConstitutional Amendments and the Bill of Rights. These rules and regulation are widely known as the legal aspects of policing. The legal aspect of policing involves everything from individual rights to legal procedures during a search warrant, arrest and interrogations. Individual rights are used by the Constitution of the United States to make sure that no government branch becomes more powerful than the other. This protects society against police brutality. Every criminal justice case must be conducted

Identity Theft Or Identity Fraud - 1707 Words

The evolution of technology has enabled criminals a new form of prey. This problem is known as identity theft or identity fraud. The development and growth of the world wide web and personal computers being have made everyday things easier for everyone, but have also made it easier for criminals to gain access to information needed to steel someone’s identity. This is a crime which cost people thousands of dollars and countless hours of time spent to regain their losses and the damages done by having their life turned upside down by identity theft. Albrecht(2016). This paper will discuss just how big of a problem identity theft is, a few of the typical types of identity theft, possible preventative actions that should be taken to avoid identity theft, and the actions a person having identity stolen should take once they realize they have been compromised. The main thing that seems to have to be done is preventative measures by both the potential victims and creditors to keep i nformation private so thieves cannot get the access in the first place. The more difficult that you make it to get to your information the less likely you are going to be victimized. Albrecht(2016). The basic definition of Identity theft is â€Å"the unauthorized use or attempted misuse of an existing credit card or other existing account, the misuse of personal information to open a new account or for another fraudulent purpose, or a combination of these types of misuse† The Bureau of JusticeShow MoreRelatedStrangers: Identity Theft and Identity Fraud 1604 Words   |  6 PagesStrangers: Identity Theft and Identity Fraud What is Identity Theft and Identity Fraud? The U.S. Department of Justice defines Identity theft and identity fraud as â€Å"all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain.† Some of the tactics used by thieves to steal personal information are through shoulder surfing. This is when people watch from a nearby location as you punch in creditRead MoreComputer Fraud And Identity Theft1705 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintaining ones identity can be a challenge. In 2012 the United States population was 314.1 million people, in the same year, 75.6 percent of households reported having a computer. (Government Census, 2012) With this high population and electronic use, one could extrapolate that there is high risk for computer fraud and identity theft. For example consider these statistics in 2013, identity theft complaints accounted for 14% of all complaints. The most common form of reported identity theft was governmentRead MoreOnline Fraud and Identity Theft3653 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction: Identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes statistically according to the Federal Trade Commission. Roughly 27.3 million Americans have fallen victim to this form of theft/fraud. According to last year the loss of money for businesses and financial institutions are in the billions and with consumers out of pocket expenses has been about 5 billion dollars. Identity theft refers to crimes in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another persons personal data (i.e., nameRead More Internet Fraud and Identity Theft Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesInternet Fraud and Identity Theft The Internet is not just a medium for information; it is a tool for communication. Creating a new social sphere and environment, the Internet allows virtually anyone to be a participant. Chat rooms, discussion boards, instant messaging services and e-mail are all mediums that allow individuals to engage in communication. However, although the Internet is a public domain, individuals do not have to honestly represent themselves. Many individuals use false namesRead MoreIdentity Theft and Fraud: A Major Threat to the Australian Community1442 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity theft/fraud is becoming a major threat to the Australian community as technology advances. This section of crime produces substantial profits for offenders and causes considerable financial and emotions harm to the victims (Australian federal police, 2014). With this increasing alarm around identity theft/fraud in Australia, there has to be strong legal actions available to counteract the issue. Identity theft/fraud c an be defined as a crime of obtaining the personal or financial informationRead MoreIdentifying The Identity Theft And Credit Card Fraud Complaints Essay1839 Words   |  8 PagesIdentity theft is when someone, without the consent of the owner, dishonestly uses, or intends to fraudulently use another individual’s personal identity. Personal identifying information can consist of an individual’s name, date of birth, driver’s license number, mother’s maiden name, state identification number, telephone number and other personal information that an individual can be identified with, such as a birth certificate or Social Security number. People who commits this form of fraud isRead MoreThe Globalization of White Collar Crimes: An Inside Look of How Fraud, Embezzlement, Cybercrime, Identity Theft and Forgery Are Increasing World-Wide794 Words   |  4 PagesInside Look of How Fraud, Embezzlement, Cybercrime, Identity Theft and Forgery Are Increasing World-Wid e In this paper I will examine some of the aspects of white collar crimes such as: fraud, embezzlement, cybercrimes, identity theft and forgery. I will explain what each of these are pertaining to criminal justice and how they relate to one another. And I will conclude by how each of these topics are growing into global problems. According to Criminal-Law-Lawyer-Source.com â€Å"Fraud is the act of deliberatelyRead MoreThe Most Problematic Social and Economic Problem in Today’s Society997 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity Theft might just be the most problematic social and economic problem in the US. Identity theft can cause many problems for the victim and the thief, obviously. One problem is the victims personal record, it is extremely important to have a clean one if you want to apply for college, buy a house, become a citizen, etc. Another problem is after the identity theft has taken their toll, the victim is suffering with trying to recover all the money that they have lost. And the most dangerous problemRead Moreâ€Å"According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Fraud Survey 2010-11, an estimated total1500 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Fraud Survey 2010-11, an estimated total of 1.2 million Australians aged 15 years and over w ere victim of at least one incident of identity fraud in the 12 months prior to the survey interview..† (Afp.gov.au, 2014) Identity fraud is a type of fraud that involves illegally pretending to be somebody else for a beneficial gain. This can result in emotional and/or financial devastation. This is a very common legal issue facing Australian stakeholdersRead MoreIdentity Theft1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe Dangers of Identity Theft Sharae Ernst IFSM 201 – Summer 2012 8/3/2012 â€Å"Identity theft occurs when someone uses your personally identifying information (PII), like your name, Social Security number, or credit card number, without your permission, to commit fraud or other crimes.† (Fighting Back Against Identity Theft: Federal Trade Commission). According to the Federal Trade Commission, identity theft complaints have decreased since year 2008 (314,521 to 250,854). It is estimated by the

Blind Side Free Essays

Letter: Dear Sean Tuohy, Over the last couple of months you and your outstanding family have provided everything I have every wanted a ‘family’. My life growing up consisted of running, drugs, unreliable parents a couch and others aspects. I have faced many obstacles and challenges in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Blind Side or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have been through some things no child my age should have to experience. I have learnt to face my everyday challenges by facing the fact that I can get through it, plus the support of others was very helpful, and knowing someone on earth would be having a worse day. When I was a young child I had many scaring and frightening moments. I have seen a lot of habits my mum got into, taking drugs and being a big disappointment to my family. Then I soon later found out I had 12 brothers and sisters. My mother would tell me to shut my eyes when I was scared or anything she didn’t want me to see, after that she would then tell me to count to 3 and then I could open my eyes. I suffered a lot as a child and faced a lot of hardships, I struggle to learn but yet I can apparently write? You and your family have given me hope and believed in me. I have been through a lot and watching my mum throw her life away doesn’t mean I was going to follow in her footsteps. After I crashed your car with SJ I thought you weren’t going to trust me again, but yet you gave me so much more. You took me under you wings, you gave me an education, and you let me go to college. I’m so grateful that someone has given me the opportunity to prove myself to them and let me show them who I am and my potentials. I am glad that I could I write to you to express how I feel. I struggled a lot and I use to be a quiet and shy boy, but now I am a confident and free spirited person and you and your wife have given me reason to believe again. Thankyou From Michael Oher Discuss what your character learnt: In the movie, Michael Oher’s character capabilities change majorly. Throughout the film, he grows from a shy, unschooled boy into a young man who fits into a family. The film begins with Oher as a homeless boy struggling to find a place to sleep. He then learns to become a more confident and sophisticated man. Michael Oher has grown and learnt a lot of skills and matured into a young intelligent man. He learnt that because his childhood was so traumatic doesn’t mean he is traumatised for his whole life; everything can change when you start believing. Michael struggled a lot being a foster child, being black, moving and living not with his family, and yet they are complete strangers to him that he would often run away and try and find his mother again. When he meet the Tuohy’s He grew a lot stronger in that because he was living with a Christian, wealthy family who took him in without any weight on their shoulders just out of kind heartedness. He also learnt that he didn’t have to be the smartest to achieve what he wanted he had to work rad and be persistent, to stay focused. He grew so much into a star having every quality that a magnificent football player need but only some granted with this special ability. Michael learnt that being whoever you are or being whatever you wanted was you!! He had a very distraught childhood and often struggling to once believe again. He was always a determined to get what he wanted especially as a child. Michael has grown up so much, from not trying and struggling to read to now getting 2. 52 in his final result meaning he could do what he wanted for footy. He had the skills to get in but did not have the determination of getting and staying focused. Michaels tutor was a massive bonus to him and was a great peer leader. She encouraged him and helped him improve his marks a lot. Along with the hardships Michael has faced he learnt that there is always a light at the end of the tunnel. He has grown and learnt so much and he is so lucky and happy to be able to have the opportunities he has been offered let alone half. Review: The blind side has proven to be a wonderful structured film, as it has been based on a true story it gives it a bit more of a overlooking and understanding of the abilities and inabilities this boy has been through. A family of all white has taken this black boy in, he would’ve felt un-invited, not fitting in and questioning why they are being nice especially when there from the complete other side of town. Michael struggles to take in that a family of complete strangers is offering there house and couch to him. The Blind Side is a film about compassion, prejudice, family, chance, and the virtues of hard work. It tells the inspirational true story of Michael Oher, of a disadvantaged African-American child, and his relationship with Leigh Anne Tuohy, a wealthy white woman from the other side of town the rich and wealthy side and he is from the dirty, disgraceful, depressing side. They help him out with a lot of situations. They provide a wonderful education, house, family. After his mother being a fall out he tried to get his life back on track by believing he could be different and show that he could do anything if you put your mind to work. Michael Oher shows a massive and exciting interest in football and Leigh Anne Tuohy does not hold back on the enthusiasm for him. He has been born with skills that a person could dream about, even though Michael Is a big boy these skills come in handy when he gets a number of offers to be in a professional team. They then provide Michael with a tutor to improve his grades to get him into NCCA div 1. Athletic scholarship. This young man growing up in Memphis would only dream of being able to professional football or any real contact with a ball, he was born too and all of a sudden his dream came true and was right in front of his eyes because of the Tuohy’s. I believe the film deserves a rating of 5/5, when you look at the poster or the movie cover or the book cover you don’t know what to expect, but then you get a great message from the film inspiring everyone to show that â€Å"if you believe you can achieve†. The message is trying to explain that you can be in any situation and find a way out of it, if you try and work your way out of it. It was a fantastic book based on a real life story. It’s very inspiring and proven to everyone that you can be from somewhere that struggles into someone who is wealthy. Bibliography: The blind side 2009, DVD, warner bros, Hollywood http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0878804/plotsummary, http://www. pacejmiller. com/2010/02/24/movie-review-the-blind-side-2009/ How to cite Blind Side, Essay examples

Consciousness As Determined Th Essay Example For Students

Consciousness As Determined Th Essay Consciousness is understood in a variety of ways. In one belief, a person is conscious when awake, but unconscious when sleeping or comatose. Yet people also do things requiring perception and thought unconsciously even when they are awake. A person can be conscious of their physical surroundings, pain and even a wish or fantasy. In short a creature is conscious if it is aware of itself and that it is a physical and emotional being. Consciousness is a psychological condition defined by the English philosopher John Locke as the perception of what passes in a mans own mind.1 Consciousness is defined and perceived differently in many psychological view points. For instance the earlier views around the 19th century was diversely considered. Most perceived consciousness as a substance or mental stuff unlike an object from the physical world. Others deferred that the conscious mind was what separated man from lower forms of life. It is an attribute characterized by sensation and voluntary movement which described the difference between normal waking state of animals and men and their condition when asleep.2Other descriptions included an analysis of consciousness as a form of relationship or act of the mind toward objects in nature, and a view that consciousness was a continuous field or stream of essentially mental sense data. The method believed by most early writers in determining consciousness was introspectionlooking within ones own mind to discover the laws of its operation. This belief was limited when it was apparent when observationalists could not agree on observations. Obviously due to the differences in ones own idea of introspection and the underlying views they possessed. The failure of introspection to reveal consistent laws led to the refection of all mental states as subjects of scientific study and thus psychology attached consciousness to its diversity. The term consciousness is most often used by philosophers and psychologists as meaning attention to the contents or workings of ones own mind. This notion had little significance for the ancients, but it was emphasized in the 17th century by John Locke and Rene Descartes. Contemporaries of these two philosophers thought of consciousness as the operation of the inner-eye. Both Locke and Descartes went further. They held that consciousness was involved with every working mental state. In this view the mind is transparent to itself that is, it can perceive its own activity. For three centuries self transparence was the defining feature of the mind. That conception was sprung through the theories of Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener who were advocates off a science of introspection. Early in the 20th century the transparency doctrine came to a setback for three different reasons. The first reason was Sigmund Freuds compelling evidence that some very important mental activity is not only subconscious but firmly resists conscious access through repression. At first Freuds idea of unconscious was treated as self-contradictory, but it has since won acceptance as being useful and entirely possible. the second difficulty for the transparency doctrine was that it made the mind impossible for objective science. What is known introspectively to a single person would be utterly private and therefore can not be viewed scientifically. Scientific method demands objectivity and reportable data. The behaviorists John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner and the philosopher Gilbert Ryle rebelled against the idea of an inner sense and denied the very existence of consciousness in the strong sense exhibited by Locke, Descartes and the introspective psychologists.3 Ryle insisted that mind is an illusory concept and that it is really nothing more than a collection of observable behaviors. Similarly, the behaviorists argued that behavioral responses to environmental stimuli are merely responses to the stimuli and do not inherently represent hidden mental states or events. Accordingly, psychology should be the science of behavior, not of introspection.4The difficulty for the transparency doctrine was cog nitive psychologys recent discovery that everyone does a great deal of mental processing, reasoning, and analysis of many sorts without being able to introspect it at all. Cognitive psychology in itself, however, has thus far had little further to say about consciousness. .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 , .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .postImageUrl , .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 , .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97:hover , .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97:visited , .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97:active { border:0!important; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97:active , .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97 .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u940f4d7d5f99edd03a28c091afd51a97:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on The Presidential Election : Barack Obama And Obama EssayThe identity theory of mind, proposed by the British philosopher U.T. Place in the 1950s, reconciled the original idea

Egos in the Movie Rat Race Essay Example

Egos in the Movie Rat Race Essay In Rat Race, there are multiple examples of the id, ego, and superego in regard to achieving a goal. Donald Sinclair is the owner of a casino in Las Vagas, and he put together a game that is so much better than a slot machine. He organized a race for two million dollars with random people in it. Although these people did not know that they would be participating in this race, Donald Sinclair knew that it is human nature to compete and that eventually the guests of the casino would participate. An opening scene of the movie is when we meet the Cody brothers. These brothers will do anything to get what they want. Even before they are presented with this two million dollar race, they check for extra coins at the slot machines, they plan to hurt others to create diversions so they can steal some items. They are willing to do whatever they want to get their needs met. This is an example of the human id, the most basic part of the personality, the part that wants instant gratification for wants and needs. If needs and wants are not met rights away, the person can become anxious. People, like the Cody’s, acting on the id, will do anything to get their needs met right away, even if it means hurting others. We will write a custom essay sample on Egos in the Movie Rat Race specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Egos in the Movie Rat Race specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Egos in the Movie Rat Race specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The race is presented to the guests and some, like Nick Schaffer, were reluctant to join because he had to catch a plane the next morning. Nick was the only character in the movie that did not fight to be the first one out to start the race. This is an example of the ego at play. The ego relates to needs and wants and ways to do that. This also involves scheming in order to get needs met. Nick meets a pilot at the airport and then convinces her to go with him to get the two million dollars, they become more involved and enticed by the two million dollars that they take a helicopter to get to where the money is faster. This is an example of the human ego, the next step up from the id. This is when the needs and wants are identified but th

Free Essays on Terroris, What America Is Doing

Americans are used to be oblivious to the fact that there are some people in the world that just can’t get over the fact that they hate others. Israel has been constantly attacked by a group that calls themselves the Palestinians for over 20 years (Corbin). Suicide bombers would terrorize the people of Israel for that last 15 years and no one in America could ever feel the pain the Israelis did suffer. Terrorist was an untouchable word in American society. ‘It won’t happen to us,’ was the mindset that most people had. Not one American was openly scared of chemical nuclear or biological warfare. ‘That is on their soil, the Middle East is too far from me.’ Ignorance was bliss false security was comfortable to the average American. As long as McDonalds was open and they could drive a gas guzzling car, the average American was a happy person. Well some people are mad because they do not like our fattening and unhealthy fast food chains and the gas there the Americans are so used to using run of their oil. This is what sparked a flame in one mans mind to have the united states attacked for their constant domination of their country. So, on September 11th there was a strike on American causing over 3600 people to die (Corbin). Americans clime innocence bit that is not what the radical groups see. Now terrorism is on the mind of every one in America and The American government is combating it head on. What exactly is terrorism anyway and how does America plan o attacking the problem? There seems to bee more then one problem and more then one way to attack it. Part of the job of the elected officials in America is to decide who is a threat and how they will be dealt with. Before any answer can be reach one thing had to be done in the fight agent terrorism. That is what exactly is terrorism and how do we measure the severity of the terrorist acts. There is not just one type of terrorism, there are several, none of witch really fal... Free Essays on Terroris, What America Is Doing Free Essays on Terroris, What America Is Doing Americans are used to be oblivious to the fact that there are some people in the world that just can’t get over the fact that they hate others. Israel has been constantly attacked by a group that calls themselves the Palestinians for over 20 years (Corbin). Suicide bombers would terrorize the people of Israel for that last 15 years and no one in America could ever feel the pain the Israelis did suffer. Terrorist was an untouchable word in American society. ‘It won’t happen to us,’ was the mindset that most people had. Not one American was openly scared of chemical nuclear or biological warfare. ‘That is on their soil, the Middle East is too far from me.’ Ignorance was bliss false security was comfortable to the average American. As long as McDonalds was open and they could drive a gas guzzling car, the average American was a happy person. Well some people are mad because they do not like our fattening and unhealthy fast food chains and the gas there the Americans are so used to using run of their oil. This is what sparked a flame in one mans mind to have the united states attacked for their constant domination of their country. So, on September 11th there was a strike on American causing over 3600 people to die (Corbin). Americans clime innocence bit that is not what the radical groups see. Now terrorism is on the mind of every one in America and The American government is combating it head on. What exactly is terrorism anyway and how does America plan o attacking the problem? There seems to bee more then one problem and more then one way to attack it. Part of the job of the elected officials in America is to decide who is a threat and how they will be dealt with. Before any answer can be reach one thing had to be done in the fight agent terrorism. That is what exactly is terrorism and how do we measure the severity of the terrorist acts. There is not just one type of terrorism, there are several, none of witch really fal...

Camp happy valley Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Camp happy valley - Article Example Camping was advantageous to many residents in Ontario with the greatest advantage going to the smaller communities residing in the province. The entire camping process ensured gross revenue of 460 million dollars, with the bigger percentage of the amount fuelling the smaller communities’ economies. Other beneficiaries of the camping process were outdoor sporting goods companies and different suppliers because of the purchases made by the camp attendants. Attaining these benefits mostly depended on the willingness of the parents to allow their children to attend the camp. The camp happy valley did not indulge into advertising, but relied on spreading of their services from the people who had benefitted from the experience. The Ontario government alteration of the Employment Standards Act, R.S.O.1990 received minimal acceptance with the Ontario Camping Association explaining that it might have negative impacts on the camp as a whole. By 2001, the camping experienced had difficulties especially with their staff

Arab and Israel Conflict Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arab and Israel Conflict - Article Example According to Antony Best, the real causes of the Arab-Israeli conflict were the product of distinct historical developments of the late-nineteenth century and early twentieth century which include European anti-Semitism and the rise of Zionism, the emergence of Arab nationalism and the quest for Arab independence, the Ottoman defeat in the World War I, the British mandate in Palestine, the World War II, and the Holocaust. In a reflective analysis of the pre-partition period of Palestine, it becomes lucid that the colonial influence has been a major aspect of the conflict, although there is the difference of opinion about the role of colonialism in the Arab-Israeli conflict. The World War I offered an essential opportunity for the Arab nationalists to insist on the independence of the nation through a military alliance with the British, just as it provided the opportunity for the Zionists to obtain international recognition of their aspirations in Palestine. Therefore, the Western colonial rule has influenced the emergence of Arab nationalism as well as Zionism in the Middle East which ultimately contributed to the conflict between two sides. Although there were important expectations for independence among the Arabs as well as the Jews at the end of the war, their hopes were dashed when Britain became first de facto and later de jure in control of Palestine. â€Å"Indeed, the Arab territories of the Ottoman Empire were divided up and placed under French and British mandates awarded at San Remo in 1920 and ratified by the League of Nations in 1922, a territorial division†¦ Yet, while Britain, on the one hand, was clearly expanding its power in the Middle East, on the other, it continued to back Arab, Jewish, and Armenian claims for independence, often as to undermine rival European Powers, particularly France.† (Best 2008, P. 113). It is important to realize that the British policy was mainly driven by European factors or imperial considerations which placed the British authorities in an awkward position in Palestine when the Arab-Israeli conflict escalated. With the expansion of Jewish presence in Palestine, the Zionist demands for the land increased and worsened the struggle for work. The increased Jewish immigration into Palestine due to the development of Nazism and Fascism in Europe in the 1930s also caused the Zionist demands for the land.

Comments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comments - Assignment Example All points were on target as to the thesis, but a bit more explanation could possibly be given as to how children constitute a different culture than adults – this is not what Pratt meant when she talked about culture, so explaining the relationship as a cultural one might be a good opening paragraph. The most convincing parts were ones that helped the reader empathize with the children, and recognize that the practice is not harmless. As mentioned before, defining how children constitute a culture could use a good deal more development. Furthermore, I think it is possible that more concrete examples might have been useful – this assumes that everyone’s thanksgiving practices are the same, but indicating where these impressions emerge from might be useful – is it movies about holidays? Personal experience? Etc. The introduction was one of the best parts of the essays, because it connected Pratt’s ideas to everyday practices, like dining. This essay’s thesis is essentially that finding your way into contact zones, or learning to embrace the, can be a valuable experience and one that people should not avoid. The essay is organized largely as a personal narrative, describing the beginning in a contact zone – coming into a situation as a freshman where she felt very uncomfortable, and the subsequent development of comfort in that arena and the eventual satisfaction of forming satisfying life-long relationships, and making an incredibly successful field hockey team, with people that she at first felt uncomfortable with. This organization makes sense, but it is easy to get lost in the narrative and perhaps breaking it up into smaller paragraphs to highlight turning points would make it a much more readable essay. Most of the points were generally on place with the thesis, because this is a personal essay talking about how emerging into a difficult new

Effects Of Succession Planning On Employee Retention

Effects Of Succession Planning On Employee Retention Proper succession planning helps an employee to get their work done as well as to sustain the employees in the most effective and efficient manner. This study also highlighted that for any particular job what are the organizational commitment, job security, job content which leads to self-esteem, leadership and staying in the organization for a longer time period. The study is intended to answer the question of whether proper succession planning could mitigate the expected negative effects of retentions on employees. The basic purpose of this research is to find out that whether the way information regarding Succession Planning taking place is well defined or not and what are the impacts of employees behavioral towards retention through proper communicated and well-defined work on succession planning. And up to what level are they emotionally and expressively affected. 1.3 Implications of the Study The findings of this study will have important implications from the perspective of employees and top management associated with employee retention succession planning. The HR department in order to develop a proper job content for every job to develop an organizational commitment security in which employees are most comfortable with the tenure, leadership self-esteem. This research will extend our knowledge on how differences the employee retention and succession planning of the company will impact the performance of employees both internal and external. And would also allow more detailed prescriptions for practitioners faced with such issues. 1.4 Variables Independent Variable Succession Planning Tenure Leadership Self Esteem Dependent Variables Employee Retention Organizational Commitment Job Security Job Content 1.5 Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: There is a positive relationship between succession planning and employee retention. Chapter 2 Literature Review In an organization, every employee tends to rise to his level of ineffectiveness (Jr., 2003).Succession planning is the power to developing the strengths and performance of their people and maximizes production capacity. We provide businesses with a broad range of highly effective tools, methodology and processes, proven to dramatically improve the contribution made by individuals and organizations at all levels (Jr., 2003). These are the role of Succession Planning in an Organization Prepares current employees to undertake key positions Develops ability and long-term development Improves employees abilities and performance Improves workforce loyalty and as a result retention Assemble the career improvement requirements of existing employees Improves support to workforce throughout their tenure Counters the increasing complexity of hiring employees externally Focuses on leadership stability and better knowledge distribution Provides further effective monitoring and tracking of employee ability levels and skills (Jr., 2003). As Succession planning is a core part of an organizations ability to decrease risk, create a verified leadership model, smooth organization continuity and improve staff self-confidence (White, 1987). Succession planning has become really important for managers and executives in the current business world because, now they have begun to understand the importance of securing their companies eventually by selecting future leaders (White, 1987). Succession planning considered to the higher concern to make the right decisions. They must put their self into strategic and planning form to choose the best leader (Jr., 2003).When it comes down to the decision about the succession plan an executive should recognize the needs and requirements of the company that what would be the strengths and weaknesses so an executive will know what kind of person they would need on the considerable situation which will lead the company on the succession path (White, 1987). The basic element in transition is well transparency as it applies on every company the employer should take step to communicate the employees to decrease the gap between the company and the employee which effects better with the reflection of succession (Jr., 2003) To develop an effective succession plan there are four stages Recognizing jobs for succession; Developing a obvious understanding of the capabilities required to carry out those roles; Identifying workforces who could potentially fill and do highly in such roles; Preparing workforces to be ready for development into each identified role. Without the execution of a succession plan, there can be significant impacts on a business including; Lack of expertise and business knowledge Lack of business stability Damaged customer associations (Jr., 2003). Organization succession planning is highly dependent on the competent employee the company highly depends on its employee which can make the path and accelerate the companys business which will play a major role for an organization to become profitable or reciprocal. One major concern which often makes difference for succession if the leader key person leaves the organization- either by choice or other circumstances (Jr., 2003).What will happen when an important key player purged without succession planning? There are few things to look forward. Such as either there will be no skilled successor or there will be who might not ready to manage the business the way it has to be managing with the abilities. Whatsoever the case might came out to be, the situation can be terrible for the company. Business can become unsustainable to carry on (Jr., 2003). The only answer that is left in an unexpected situation is just unproductive quick-fixed solutions the successor is left with temporary substitute if the set up is not been fix yet., and the important result can still be the breakdown of the business. Key factors that affect the success of business are skill and experience. And without it no one can run a business. They significant traits in an entrepreneur not only run the business but also sustain the success (Jr., 2003). Without succession planning, a company that has become successful can just as easily fail. The company grows because there is a leader with experience, drive and ability. Without suitable succession planning, the future growth of the business is left to chance once that leader is gone. Under such a situation, if it succeeds at all, it is by default rather than intended. That is not all. The passing of the crop from one generation to the next is often fogged up by the stakeholders differing views and agendas. Without proper planning, the clashes of views and agendas can pull the company in several directions and this may wreck an otherwise feasible business (Jr., 2003). Succession planning enables your business to identify brilliant employees and provide education to develop them for future higher level and broader tasks. Succession planning helps to build worktable strength. Succession planning helps to decide where public belong to (Jr., 2003). Through your succession planning procedure, you also save superior employees because they value the time, attention, and development that you are investing in them. To efficiently do succession planning in your business, you must identify the organizations long term goals. They must hire better staff (White, 1987). You need to spot and recognize the developmental needs of your employees. You must guarantee that all key employees understand their career paths and the roles they are being developed to fill. You need to spotlight resources on key employee retention. You need to be alert of employment trends in your area to be familiar with the roles you will have a difficult time filling externally (White, 1987). It is a complex process and a successful plan is based on management formation, regular evaluation through evaluations and integrated management development system. Only one tenth of the know-how of professional managers consists of formal education and training and the result is attained through on the job development. Management structure has to be clearly understood by all and frequently reviewed for future planning. One of the reasons for the gradual and slow abolition of business groups of yesterday is that they failed in managing the change. The plan does not mean recognition of an individual to replace his/her ancestor. It means identifying a group of individuals to be trained and groomed for the place of CEO (Zajac, 1987). The organizations offer employee development opportunities through: on the job learning, better training and counseling, formal training programmers and job orientation. All these facilities not only help in employees development but also help in preparing the incumbents probable to fill key positions (Jr., 2003). The companies have to decide today for tomorrow through a complex assessment system for the human development, which is most uncertain. Business environment is getting increasingly vibrant, corporate growth, rate and size is critical, and values are changing which offer superior business opportunities for head hunters (Zajac, 1987). To achieve the aim the process begins from staffing needs periodic appraisal and an elastic plan. Promotions are common and job rotation is a must to expose the incumbents to a diversity of experience, i.e. marketing, sales, finance and even manufacturing. The basic criteria remains performance but potential also play a very key role (White, 1987). To commence such a complex process it is necessary to understand the challenge well in advance and act with obligation. Focus should be on performance as well as potential keeping in view the convenient challenges. The organizations must differentiate between spending on personnel and investment in employees development. It is a fact that a number of the corporate look after their senior executive very well but hardly invests in budding leaders (Zajac, 1987). One of the factors which have been a major obstacle in succession planning is hardly any division of management from ownership. Some of the leading groups vanished because they failed to interpret the change and to educate professional managers. People often presume that a manager by profession and a professional manager are one and the same. To face the emerging challenges corporate need more flexible managers (White, 1987). Imagine for a moment a workplace in which the employees eagerly estimated their performance reviews. Picture your staff telling each other how much they look forward to meeting with their manager and bragging about what an empowering experience these meetings are (Jr., 2003). The length of time an employee has worked for his or her current employer (Rosemary Batt, 2002). Leadership is the skill of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it (Brown, 2003). Leadership is a process by which a human being influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the business in a way that makes it more unified and logical. Leadership is a process whereby a person influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (Brown, 2003). Employee retention is a process in which the employees are encouraged to remain with the group for the maximum period of time or until the conclusion of the project. Employee retention is useful for the organization as well as the employee (Sheridan, 1992). Employees nowadays are different. They are not the ones who dont have better opportunities in hand. As soon as they feel dissatisfied with the present employer or the job, they switch over to the next job. It is the responsibility of the employer to retain their greatest employees. If they dont, they would be left with no superior employees. A good employer should know how to attract and keep its employees. Retention involves five key things (Sheridan, 1992). Compensation Environment Growth Relationship Support One of the most vital and key part is to retain the employee of the organization its as important as you understand you need you have got to intact and retain your potential employee because your employee is your asset which will highway the organization on success(Sheridan, 1992). Why employee retention so important? Is it just to cut the turnover costs? Its not only the cost incurred by a organization that emphasizes the need of retaining employees but also the need to retain talented employees from getting poached (Sheridan, 1992).The process of employee retention will advantage an organization in the following ways (Sheridan, 1992). The cost of employee turnover adds hundreds of thousands of money to an organizations expenses. While it is hard to fully calculate the cost of turnover (including hiring costs, training costs and productivity loss), industry experts often quote 25% of the average employee salary as a conventional estimate. (Sheridan, 1992). When an employee leaves, he takes with him valuable facts about the company, customers, current projects and past history sometimes to competitors. Often much time and money has been spent on the employee in anticipation of a future return. After the employee leaves, the investment is not realized. (Sheridan, 1992). Customers and clients do business with an organization in part because of the people. Relationships are developed that support continued sponsorship of the business. When an employee leaves, the relationships that employee built for the companies are disengaged, which could lead to probable customer loss (Sheridan, 1992). When an employee terminates, the effect is felt throughout the organization. Co-workers are often required to pick up the slack. The unspoken negativity often intensifies for the remaining staff (Sheridan, 1992). The goodwill of a company is maintained when the attrition rates are low. Higher retention rates motivate potential employees to join the organization (Sheridan, 1992). If an employee resigns, then good amount of time is lost in hiring a new employee and then training him/her and this goes to the loss of the company directly which many a times goes unnoticed. And even after this you cannot assure us of the same efficiency from the new employee (Sheridan, 1992). Employee retention refers to policies and practices companies use to avoid valuable employees from leaving their jobs. How to retain important employees is one of the biggest problems that plague companies in the competitive marketplace. Not too long ago, companies accepted the revolving door policy as part of doing business and were quick to fill a vacant job with an additional eager candidate. Nowadays, companies often find that they spend substantial time, effort, and money to train an employee only to have them build up into a valuable commodity and leave the company for greener pastures. In order to generate a successful company, employers should consider as many options as possible when it comes to retaining employees, while at the same time securing their trust and loyalty so they have less of a need to leave in the future (Sheridan, 1992). Many people love their job, and there are a huge number of reasons such as they like the company environment, their boss, and their co-workers. A thrilling position, with plenty of opportunity for growth, learning, and advancement, is always desirable, as is a meaningful job that has the possible to make a difference in the lives of others. Dissatisfaction with one or more of these things could force the employee to think about leaving (Sheridan, 1992). A rather obvious way for a company to better retain their employees is by offering competitive salaries and bonuses. Everyone likes to be recognized for a job well done, and nothing makes someone feel more appreciated than cold hard cash. It also shows the employee that the company has some degree of loyalty towards them, which could in turn influence them to repay their employers with some loyalty of their own. Increased benefits, stock options, more vacation time, company cars, child care, and other perks dont hurt either. Financial support for employees who wish to continue their education would also most likely be appreciated and rewarded with employee loyalty (Sheridan, 1992). In many instances, employee retention starts just as soon as an employee is hired. If a company sees an unusual amount of potential in a new hire, management could make them feel appreciated right off the bat. Interest free loans to help pay off their college bills or other debts is one way for an employer to do this. In order to keep the employee from jumping ship before the loan is paid off, the employer can do several things, including staggering payments or making the loan contingent on certain performance goals. In a way, this practice can be considered a combination of recruitment and retention tools. Similar programs could also be implemented for employees that already have tenure built up with the company (Sheridan, 1992). There are times when an employee wants to leave a company not for a better job opportunity, but for the chance to relocate. Usually if this is a case, the employees needs are strictly personal ones. If possible, a business can offer a relocation allowance to the employee and still try to keep them in the company in the same or a different capacity. Again, the details would have to be worked out on an individual basis so that the employee does not abuse this privilege (Sheridan, 1992). The implementation of company policies like flextime, job-sharing, and part-time work may also prove useful in retaining an employee who wishes to leave their job for personal reasons. By doing so, a company could gain a reputation as a family-friendly environment and therefore make it more attractive to future potential employees (Sheridan, 1992). Another thing that employees seem to enjoy is casual days or even a company casual dress policy. This allows employees the chance to better express themselves and creates a more comfortable work environment. In most cases, the dress code should be clearly defined so that the employees do not abuse the privilege and promote an unprofessional image about the company (Sheridan, 1992). A company may also want to spend some time to get to know their employees better. A thorough understanding of an employees goals, concerns, skill level, values, health, and job satisfaction are just a few of the areas that can be addressed. By doing so, the employee could be made to feel more like a prized individual and less like a cog in a corporate machine. At the same time the company will educate itself as to which employees are the most valuable in both a business and personal sense. (Sheridan, 1992). When a valued employee leaves, the company can use information gathered in an exit-interview to find out the reasons for the employees decision and the changes that can be made within the company to keep others from following suit. This data can be gathered into a formal report and distributed to management, members of the human resource team, and other pertinent employees to be used for this purpose (Sheridan, 1992). Finally, upper-level employees can be trained as retention managers to help in the seemingly never-ending battle to keep talent. A successful retention manager must be aware of their strengths and weaknesses and have a talent for listening, respecting, and understanding their employees concerns. Retention managers should be individuals who have already proven their loyalty to the company. Honesty, creativity, and patience are other virtues that can help in this type of position (Sheridan, 1992). Every company should understand that people are their best commodity. Without qualified people who are good at what they do, any company would be in serious trouble. In the long run, the retention of existing employees saves companies money. There are advertising and recruiting expenses, orientation and training of the new employee, decreased productivity until the new employee is up to speed, and loss of customers who were loyal to the departing employee. Finding, recruiting, and training the best employees represents a major investment. Once a company has captured talented people, the return-on-investment requires closing the back door to prevent them from walking out (Robert P. Steel, 2002) When an employee leaves a company for a direct competitor, there is always a chance that they will take important business strategies and secrets with them to be exploited by the competition. This is yet another reason why the retention of employees is so crucial to some businesses. While this practice seems a bit unscrupulous, it stills happens quite frequently. As Bill Leonard stated in HR Magazine: because employers know that the best-qualified applicants will come directly from competitors, recruiting and hiring employees away from the competition becomes a necessity in an ultra-tight labor market. And necessity is the mother of inventive and sometimes controversial business practices. Recruiting and hiring from your competitors is probably as old as business itself. But what is new and a hot topic among employers is how to attract and retain qualified candidates in a highly competitive labor market while also preventing their own intellectual capital from winding up in the hands of competitors (Robert P. Steel, 2002). One way for a company to prevent employees from giving valuable information to competitors is to make it a policy to enforce strict noncompeting and confidentiality agreements amongst its employees. The existence of such agreements could in fact deter a competitor from hiring a valuable employ because they might not want to risk possible legal entanglements with the other company. Of course, all this could possibly lead to animosity with the employee who could feel that his or her options are being limited. Many employees dont always remember signing such a document, so a copy of it should always be kept on file for the employee to refer to. This area could prove to be a highly sensitive one between employer and employee, so extreme caution is suggested in all instances (Robert P. Steel, 2002). Employee retention is an issue in just about every business sector. The technology field seems to see the most movement amongst employees, but other markets like education and sales also see more than their fair share of turnover (Sheridan, 1992). The effects of this trend are somewhat different for small businesses. Since the employee base at a small business is fairly low, a stronger sense of loyalty may be a bit more prevalent. One possible reason for this trend would be the generally low number of layoffs that occur in the small business sector. Many small businesses even have no-layoff policies that can be used as a valuable recruiting and retention tool to secure employees. These types of policies are not for all small businesses, especially those with erratic sales trends or those that employ a large number of non skilled workers who are often easy to replace (Sheridan, 1992). In any event, just about every business will have to live with the fact that valued employees will leave at some point. While certain strategies can be practiced to slow this trend, it most likely can never be stopped completely. Successful businesses that are built on a strong foundation should have less trouble dealing with this situation than their weaker counterparts. At the same time, the companys strengths will enable them to promote an image to help recruit and ultimately retain the best employees out there (Robert P. Steel, 2002). When the companies were consulted, the subject of identifying and retaining top talent is always one of the critical items executives tell me theyd like to improve upon. However, when asked what their strategy is in that regard they either mention that theyve found this great recruiting firm that is going to do nothing but send them top-level talent, or they look at me and tell me the people that have left were no good to begin with, basically rationalizing the cause of the turnover(Rosemary Batt, 2002). It is recommended that job analysis audits should be conducted to provide realistic job previews. Job analysis audits should be done with behavioral assessments, cognitive reasoning assessments, job simulations, and hard skills assessments (e.g., computer skills, etc.) to objectively define the core competencies required for success in each role competency modeling. This helps in providing a realistic job preview for candidates and managers. Oftentimes what managers think they need for a certain role is different from that they actually need (Robert P. Steel, 2002). A well-designed assessment and selection process must be implemented. Behavioral assessments and structured behavioral interviewing techniques should be used to increase the likelihood of hiring people who can, and will, do the job at a high level in your environment and for your managers job fit assessment (Sheridan, 1992). Effective employee orientation must be provided. The people who are hired today are potentially the greatest resource for corporate success in the years ahead. A senior leaders participation in new employee orientation sends a vital cultural and leadership message: everyone is involved in the drive toward the future. Everyone even the newest employee has value (Robert P. Steel, 2002). Programs for employee training and development are to be implemented. Ongoing professional development is required to show willingness as an organization to develop the greatest assets which are the people. (Sheridan, 1992). Manager and employee relationships must be improved. Concentration should be on the people who stay with the organization to learn what makes them happy; then give them more of it. It is said that people leave managers, not companies. If there is a turnover problem, assess the managers (Robert P. Steel, 2002). An equitable and fair pay system is also important (Sheridan, 1992). Encourage succession planning. Identify roles for which employees may be suited in the future and work with them on designing their succession plan within the organization. Invest in cross-training, job shadowing, coaching, mentoring, and cross-experience (Robert P. Steel, 2002). Job security is dependent on economy, prevailing business conditions, and the individuals personal skills. It has been found that people have more job security in times of economic expansion and less in times of a recession (Postel-Vinay, 2005). Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Sources of Information The information used in this study is basically primary data collected from respondents who are employees of Banking Sector in Pakistan. Employees at various levels working in four recently banks have been surveyed for this study to identify two responses i.e. organizations involved in succession planning would have employees who are more intend to stay in the same organization. For this research, four banks, RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland), SCB (Standard Chartered Bank), UBL (United Bank Limited) and MCB (Muslim Commercial Bank) have been selected to carry out the survey. 3.2 Sampling Technique Procedure The researcher has used the Convenience Sampling technique in which the sample has been selected in such a way that all individuals in the target population had an equal probability of being selected in the sample. Various departments within each bank were approached and employees working at various levels were used as correspondents for this research. 3.3 Sample Size The total sample size was 100 respondents, taking 25 employees from each of the chosen bank which includes Male / Female Graduate / Masters Employee/Supervisor/Manager / Senior Manager or Others 3.4 Method of Data Collection Procedure The private sector Banking Industry of Pakistan is the targeted segment for the collection of primary data through questionnaires which is designed on the basis of research articles and questionnaires related to the topic. All employees from managerial level would be the participants. The survey would be self administered. 3.4.1 Data Collection Basically there are two types of data available for the researchers, Primary and Secondary. In this research primary data has been used collected through questionnaires. Since and its effect is a study which needs to be carried out from employees who actually went through this, therefore the researcher had to rely on questionnaire survey results (primary data) for empirical data. The researcher carried out the research through Survey method i.e. personal survey from employees working within four chosen banks in Pakistan. The survey was carried out by getting questionnaires filled from employees working at different levels within the organization and their perceptions were studied regarding the retention and what factors can come if succession effect created among them. 3.4.2 Research Testing Instruments The instruments used for collecting data for this research consisted of questionnaire for surveys and SPSS as testing tool. For the purpose of data collection a questionnaire was devised based on two sections that consisted questions pertaining to Employee Retention (Dependent Variable), Succession Planning (Independent Variables). The respondents have been asked if they had been properly brief about the effects of succession planning employee retention that had on their behavioral outcomes. The tool used in this research is SPSS. Pearsons Correlation is used in this research and analysis is carried out keeping in view the nature of the hypothesis and the data. During the analysis of data in SPSS, researcher has used technique of Pearsons Correlation, because Pearsons correlation coefficient is a measure of linear association. Two variables can be perfectly related. 3.4.3 Method The questionnaire was mailed and e-mailed to the employees of a random sample of 100 from four chosen banks. 3.4.4 Questionnaire Questions were asked from employees based on their experience. Section A consisted of 15 questions related to Employee Retention which includes organizational commitment, job security and job content. All parts were divided among 5 each questions. The scale for recording responses was 1 to 5 representing Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree and Strongly Agree. The questions were designed in a way to judge the psychological effect of retention on employees mind. Section B consisted of 11 questions related to the Succession Planning of employees which includes tenure, leadership and self-esteem. The scale for recording responses was 1 to 5 representing Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree and Strongly Agree. The questions were designed in a way to judge the psychological effect of succession on employees mind. All the questions of both the sections A B were designed in a way to judge the employees motivation level towards work and whether or not they are planning to leave the organization upon getting an opportunity elsewhere. 3.4.5 Questionnaire Testing A questi

Is Our Money Safe? :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Banks are institutions wherein miracles happen regularly. We rarely entrust our money to anyone but ourselves – and our banks. Despite a very chequered history of mismanagement, corruption, false promises and representations, delusions and behavioural inconsistency – banks still succeed to motivate us to give them our money. Partly it is the feeling that there is safety in numbers. The fashionable term today is â€Å"moral hazard†. The implicit guarantees of the state and of other financial institutions moves us to take risks which we would, otherwise, have avoided. Partly it is the sophistication of the banks in marketing and promoting themselves and their products. Glossy brochures, professional computer and video presentations and vast, shrine-like, real estate complexes all serve to enhance the image of the banks as the temples of the new religion of money. But what is behind all this ? How can we judge the soundness of our banks ? In other words, how can we tell if our money is safely tucked away in a safe haven ? The reflex is to go to the bank’s balance sheets. Banks and balance sheets have been both invented in their modern form in the 15th century. A balance sheet, coupled with other financial statements is supposed to provide us with a true and full picture of the health of the bank, its past and its long-term prospects. The surprising thing is that – despite common opinion – it does. The less surprising element is that it is rather useless unless you know how to read it. Financial Statements (Income – aka Profit and Loss - Statement, Cash Flow Statement and Balance Sheet) come in many forms. Sometimes they conform to Western accounting standards (the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP, or the less rigorous and more fuzzily worded International Accounting Standards, IAS). Otherwise, they conform to local accounting standards, which often leave a lot to be desired. Still, you should look for banks, which make their updated financial reports available to you. The best choice would be a bank that is audited by one of the Big Six Western accounting firms and makes its audit reports publicly available. Such audited financial statements should consolidate the financial results of the bank with the financial results of its subsidiaries or associated companies. A lot often hides in those corners of corporate ownership. Is Our Money Safe? :: essays research papers <a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Banks are institutions wherein miracles happen regularly. We rarely entrust our money to anyone but ourselves – and our banks. Despite a very chequered history of mismanagement, corruption, false promises and representations, delusions and behavioural inconsistency – banks still succeed to motivate us to give them our money. Partly it is the feeling that there is safety in numbers. The fashionable term today is â€Å"moral hazard†. The implicit guarantees of the state and of other financial institutions moves us to take risks which we would, otherwise, have avoided. Partly it is the sophistication of the banks in marketing and promoting themselves and their products. Glossy brochures, professional computer and video presentations and vast, shrine-like, real estate complexes all serve to enhance the image of the banks as the temples of the new religion of money. But what is behind all this ? How can we judge the soundness of our banks ? In other words, how can we tell if our money is safely tucked away in a safe haven ? The reflex is to go to the bank’s balance sheets. Banks and balance sheets have been both invented in their modern form in the 15th century. A balance sheet, coupled with other financial statements is supposed to provide us with a true and full picture of the health of the bank, its past and its long-term prospects. The surprising thing is that – despite common opinion – it does. The less surprising element is that it is rather useless unless you know how to read it. Financial Statements (Income – aka Profit and Loss - Statement, Cash Flow Statement and Balance Sheet) come in many forms. Sometimes they conform to Western accounting standards (the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, GAAP, or the less rigorous and more fuzzily worded International Accounting Standards, IAS). Otherwise, they conform to local accounting standards, which often leave a lot to be desired. Still, you should look for banks, which make their updated financial reports available to you. The best choice would be a bank that is audited by one of the Big Six Western accounting firms and makes its audit reports publicly available. Such audited financial statements should consolidate the financial results of the bank with the financial results of its subsidiaries or associated companies. A lot often hides in those corners of corporate ownership.